RNA methylation is a crucial post-transcriptional modification that significantly impacts RNA processing, stability, and translation. Disruptions in RNA methylation are intricately linked to cancer progression, influencing tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy response by affecting metabolic reprogramming and immunity. A deeper understanding of RNA methylation’s role in cancer could pave the way for new prognostic markers and therapeutic strategies.
Key RNA methylation modifications include m6A, m1A, m6Am, m7G, pseudouridine (Ψ), and m5C. These modifications influence various stages of RNA metabolism, such as splicing, export, translation, and degradation. Dysregulated RNA methylation alters gene expression and RNA metabolism, contributing to cancer progression.
RNA methylation plays a crucial role in cancer metabolic reprogramming. Cancer cells exhibit unique metabolic adaptations, such as increased glucose and glutamine uptake and altered lipid metabolism, to sustain rapid proliferation and survival. RNA methylation influences these metabolic pathways by modulating the expression of key enzymes and regulatory proteins. For example, m6A regulates glucose metabolism by controlling genes involved in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, promoting cancer cell survival and growth.
Additionally, RNA methylation impacts the immune response in cancer. m6A modulates immune-related genes, affecting immune cell infiltration and function in the tumor microenvironment. By regulating immune checkpoints and cytokine signaling pathways, RNA methylation contributes to immune evasion and resistance to immunotherapy.
The role of RNA methylation in cancer metabolism and therapy resistance has been increasingly recognized, making it a promising target for precision cancer treatment. Recent studies have shown promising results for therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting RNA methylation. However, current research primarily focuses on basic investigations, and clinical trials of RNA methylation inhibitors are still in their early stages.
Future studies should aim to unravel the precise mechanisms of RNA methylation in cancer metabolic reprogramming, taking into account factors like cancer heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment. Developing cell- or tissue-specific RNA methylation inhibitors could significantly advance precision medicine in oncology.
By advancing our understanding of RNA methylation in cancer, we open the door to innovative treatments that could transform patient outcomes. The ongoing research in this field holds promise for developing targeted therapies that can effectively combat cancer’s adaptability and resistance to current treatments.
See the review:
Critical roles and clinical perspectives of RNA methylation in cancer
https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.559