Curry SJ, Krist AH, Owens DK, Barry MJ, Caughey AB, Davidson KW, Doubeni CA, Epling JW Jr., Kemper AR, Kubik M, et al. Screening for cervical Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2018;320(7):674–86.
WHO. Global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem. World Health Organization; 2020.
Ibrahim Khalil A, Mpunga T, Wei F, Baussano I, de Martel C, Bray F, Stelzle D, Dryden-Peterson S, Jaquet A, Horner MJ. Age‐specific burden of cervical cancer associated with HIV: a global analysis with a focus on sub‐Saharan Africa. Int J Cancer. 2022;150(5):761–72.
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424.
Stelzle D, Tanaka LF, Lee KK, Khalil AI, Baussano I, Shah AS, McAllister DA, Gottlieb SL, Klug SJ, Winkler AS. Estimates of the global burden of cervical cancer associated with HIV. Lancet Global Health. 2021;9(2):e161–9.
Nakisige C, Schwartz M, Ndira AO. Cervical cancer screening and treatment in Uganda. Gynecologic Oncol Rep. 2017;20:37–40.
Maiman M, Fruchter RG, Clark M, Arrastia CD, Matthews R, Gates EJ. Cervical cancer as an AIDS-defining illness. Obstet Gynecol. 1997;89(1):76–80.
Coghill AE, Newcomb PA, Madeleine MM, Richardson BA, Mutyaba I, Okuku F, Phipps W, Wabinga H, Orem J, Casper C. Contribution of HIV infection to mortality among cancer patients in Uganda. AIDS. 2013;27(18):2933.
Boily M-C, Barnabas RV, Rönn MM, Bayer CJ, van Schalkwyk C, Soni N, Rao DW, Staadegaard L, Liu G, Silhol R. Estimating the effect of HIV on cervical cancer elimination in South Africa: Comparative modelling of the impact of vaccination and screening. EClinicalMedicine. 2022;54.
Hall MT, Smith MA, Simms KT, Barnabas R, Murray JM, Canfell K. Elimination of cervical cancer in Tanzania: Modelled analysis of elimination in the context of endemic HIV infection and active HIV control. Int J Cancer. 2021;149(2):297–306.
MoH. Consolidated Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV and AIDS in Uganda. In. Kampala Uganda: Government of Uganda; 2022.
Wanyenze RK, Bwanika JB, Beyeza-Kashesya J, Mugerwa S, Arinaitwe J, Matovu JKB, Gwokyalya V, Kasozi D, Bukenya J, Makumbi F. Uptake and correlates of cervical cancer screening among HIV-infected women attending HIV care in Uganda. Global Health Action. 2017;10(1):1380361.
Sarah Maria N, Olwit C, Kaggwa MM, Nabirye RC, Ngabirano TD. Cervical cancer screening among HIV-positive women in urban Uganda: a cross sectional study. BMC Womens Health. 2022;22(1):1–9.
Bradford L, Goodman A. Cervical cancer screening and prevention in low-resource settings. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2013;56(1):76–87.
Hasahya OT, Berggren V, Sematimba D, Nabirye RC, Kumakech E. Beliefs, perceptions and health-seeking behaviours in relation to cervical cancer: a qualitative study among women in Uganda following completion of an HPV vaccination campaign. Global Health Action. 2016;9(1):29336.
Rendle KA, Ramogola-Masire D, Monare B, Ogden SN, Toneff HK, Saia CA, Wainwright JV, Friebel-Klingner TM, Bazzett-Matabele L, Bhatia R. Patient perspectives on delays in cervical cancer screening and follow-up care in Botswana: a mixed methods study. BMC Womens Health. 2022;22(1):195.
Ndejjo R, Mukama T, Kiguli J, Musoke D. Knowledge, facilitators and barriers to cervical cancer screening among women in Uganda: a qualitative study. BMJ open. 2017;7(6):e016282.
Musa J, Achenbach CJ, O’Dwyer LC, Evans CT, McHugh M, Hou L, Simon MA, Murphy RL, Jordan N. Effect of cervical cancer education and provider recommendation for screening on screening rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(9):e0183924–0183924.
Modibbo FI, Dareng E, Bamisaye P, Jedy-Agba E, Adewole A, Oyeneyin L, Olaniyan O, Adebamowo C. Qualitative study of barriers to cervical cancer screening among Nigerian women. BMJ open. 2016;6(1):e008533.
Teng FF, Mitchell SM, Sekikubo M, Biryabarema C, Byamugisha JK, Steinberg M, Money DM, Ogilvie GS. Understanding the role of embarrassment in gynaecological screening: a qualitative study from the ASPIRE cervical cancer screening project in Uganda. BMJ open. 2014;4(4):e004783.
Mutyaba T, Faxelid E, Mirembe F, Weiderpass E. Influences on uptake of reproductive health services in Nsangi community of Uganda and their implications for cervical cancer screening. Reproductive Health. 2007;4(1):4.
Spencer K, Carr A, Doherty M. Patient and provider barriers to effective management of gout in general practice: a qualitative study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(9):1490–5.
Ssedyabane F, Ngonzi J, Kajabwangu R, Najjuma JN, Tusubira D, Randall TC. Association between obesity and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: results from a case control study in south western Uganda. BMC Womens Health. 2023;23(1):1–8.
Ninsiima M, Nyabigambo A, Kagaayi J. Acceptability of integration of cervical cancer screening into routine HIV care, associated factors and perceptions among HIV-infected women: a mixed methods study at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023;23(1):1–16.
Palinkas LA, Horwitz SM, Green CA, Wisdom JP, Duan N, Hoagwood K. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Adm Policy Mental Health Mental Health Serv Res. 2015;42:533–44.
Saldaña J. The coding manual for qualitative researchers. 2021.
Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77–101.
Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care. 2007;19(6):349–57.
Cancer IAfRo. Cervix uteri fact sheet. In. Geneva: Global Cancer Observatory; 2021.
World Health O. WHO recommendations on self-care interventions: human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling as part of cervical cancer screening. In. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
Kasraeian M, Hessami K, Vafaei H, Asadi N, Foroughinia L, Roozmeh S, Bazrfashan K. Patients’ self-reported factors influencing cervical cancer screening uptake among HIV-positive women in low-and middle-income countries: an integrative review. Gynecologic Oncol Rep. 2020;33:100596.
Guillaume D, Chandler R, Igbinoba S. Barriers to cervical cancer screening among women living with HIV in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2020;31(5):497–516.
Joseph NT, Namuli A, Kakuhikire B, Baguma C, Juliet M, Ayebare P, Ahereza P, Tsai AC, Siedner MJ, Randall TR. Implementing community-based human papillomavirus self-sampling with SMS text follow-up for cervical cancer screening in rural, southwestern Uganda. J Global Health. 2021;11.
Obiri-Yeboah D, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Djigma F, Hayfron-Benjamin A, Abdul L, Simpore J, Mayaud P. Self-collected vaginal sampling for the detection of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) using careHPV among Ghanaian women. BMC Womens Health. 2017;17(1):1–6.
Mekuria SF, Timmermans S, Borgfeldt C, Jerkeman M, Johansson P, Linde DS. HPV self-sampling versus healthcare provider collection on the effect of cervical cancer screening uptake and costs in LMIC: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Reviews. 2023;12(1):103.
Fletcher FE, Buchberg M, Schover LR, Basen-Engquist K, Kempf M-C, Arduino RC, Vidrine DJ. Perceptions of barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening among low-income, HIV-infected women from an integrated HIV clinic. AIDS Care. 2014;26(10):1229–35.
Lott BE, Halkiyo A, Kassa DW, Kebede T, Dedefo A, Ehiri J, Madhivanan P, Carvajal S, Soliman A. Health workers’ perspectives on barriers and facilitators to implementing a new national cervical cancer screening program in Ethiopia. BMC Womens Health. 2021;21(1):1–14.
Choi Y, Ibrahim S, Park LP, Cohen CR, Bukusi EA, Huchko MJ. Uptake and correlates of cervical cancer screening among women attending a community-based multi-disease health campaign in Kenya. BMC Womens Health. 2022;22(1):1–12.
Hariprasad R, John A, Abdulkader RS. Challenges in the implementation of human papillomavirus self-sampling for cervical cancer screening in India: a systematic review. JCO Global Oncol. 2023;9:e2200401.
Kimondo FC, Kajoka HD, Mwantake MR, Amour C, Mboya IB. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of cervical cancer screening among women living with HIV in the Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania. Cancer Rep. 2021;4(5):e1374.
Jatho A, Mugisha NM, Kafeero J, Holoya G, Okuku F, Niyonzima N. Mobile cancer prevention and early detection outreach in Uganda: partnering with communities toward bridging the cancer health disparities through asset-based community development model. Cancer Med. 2020;9(19):7317–29.
Des Marais AC, Brewer NT, Knight S, Smith JS. Patient perspectives on cervical cancer screening interventions among underscreened women. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(12):e0277791.
Kangethe JM, Monroe-Wise A, Muiruri PN, Komu JG, Mutai KK, Nzivo MM, Pintye J. Utilisation of cervical cancer screening among women living with HIV at Kenya’s national referral hospital. S Afr J HIV Med. 2022;23(1).